ALD

Microorganisms

LD

cpLN

Genes localizationand transcription type

Chromosomic genes, constitutively expressed, and enhanced under acidic conditions (pH 5) [1] [25] [30] [50] .

Chromosomic genes [8] .

Activating factors/optimal activity parameters

pH optimum: 5.5 and 60% of maximum of activity at pH 6.5 [45] Activation by leucine, isoleucine, valine and notably allosteric leucine activation [45] [50] .

Optimum pH for Ln lactis: 5.4 - 6 [24] [45] Optimum pH for Ln mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Ln mesenteroides subsp. cremoris: 5.1 and 20% of the maximal activity at pH 6.5 [45] .

Inhibitory factors

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Enzymes characteristics^a

Specific activity: ranged from 0.058 to 0.2 U/mg for 4 strains of LD with 48.4 mM of ALKm for AL: 60 mM [45] .

For Ln lactis, Ln mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Ln mesenteroides subsp. cremoris:

Specific activity ranged from 0.109 to 0.95 U/mg with 3.6 mM of ALKm for AL: 0.03 mM [45] .